- Scope of Work (SOW)
- A written description of the specific tasks, deliverables, and boundaries of a project β what is included and explicitly what is not.
- Deliverable
- A specific, tangible output the project manager or service provider is contractually obligated to produce and hand off to the client.
- Milestone
- A defined checkpoint in the project schedule β typically tied to a payment trigger or a formal client approval β marking completion of a project phase.
- Change Order
- A written, signed amendment to the original project agreement authorizing additional work, cost, or timeline outside the original scope.
- Acceptance Criteria
- Pre-agreed, measurable standards a deliverable must meet before the client is contractually obligated to approve it and release the corresponding payment.
- Scope Creep
- The gradual expansion of project requirements beyond the original agreed scope, often without a corresponding adjustment to budget or timeline.
- Limitation of Liability
- A clause capping the maximum financial exposure of one or both parties β typically expressed as the total fees paid under the agreement.
- Force Majeure
- A clause excusing a party from performance obligations when a project is delayed or prevented by events outside their reasonable control β natural disasters, strikes, or government action.
- Liquidated Damages
- A pre-agreed financial penalty for specific breaches β such as missing a delivery date β calculated to approximate the likely loss rather than requiring proof of actual damages.
- Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
- A hierarchical decomposition of the total project scope into individually manageable tasks and sub-tasks, used to assign responsibility and estimate effort.
- PMO (Project Management Office)
- An internal department or function that standardizes project governance, templates, and reporting across an organization's portfolio of active projects.
- Critical Path
- The sequence of dependent project tasks whose combined duration determines the earliest possible project completion date β any delay on the critical path delays the whole project.