- Goods received note (GRN)
- An internal document confirming that a delivery has been received, recording quantities, condition, and any discrepancies against the purchase order.
- Non-conforming goods
- Goods that do not meet the specifications, quantity, or quality agreed in the purchase order or contract.
- Receiving order
- An internal authorization document that instructs warehouse or receiving staff to accept a specific incoming shipment.
- Bill of lading
- A carrier-issued document that serves as a receipt for shipped goods, a contract of carriage, and sometimes a document of title.
- Return merchandise authorization (RMA)
- A supplier-issued approval number that authorizes a buyer to send goods back, typically required before a return can be processed.
- Reservation of rights
- A written statement preserving a party's legal claims even when accepting goods or making payment under protest.
- Chargeback
- A deduction applied by a buyer to a supplier invoice to recover costs caused by a supplier's failure, such as late delivery or non-conforming goods.
- Conditional acceptance
- Taking possession of goods while formally noting defects and reserving the right to claim damages or demand correction.
- Rescission
- The cancellation of a contract from its inception, restoring both parties to their pre-contract positions, used for serious contractual breaches.
- Packing slip
- A document included with a shipment that lists the contents, quantities, and order reference — used to verify delivery against the purchase order.
- Back order
- Goods that were ordered but not yet shipped because they are temporarily out of stock with the supplier.
- Carrier claim
- A formal demand against a freight carrier for compensation for goods lost or damaged during transit.