- Gross Margin
- Revenue minus direct job costs (labor, materials, subcontractors), expressed as a percentage β a key indicator of project profitability before overhead.
- Job Costing
- The process of tracking all labor, materials, and subcontractor costs to a specific project to determine actual vs. estimated profitability.
- Change Order
- A written amendment to the original project scope, price, or schedule agreed by both contractor and client before additional work begins.
- Overhead Rate
- Monthly fixed costs β office, insurance, vehicles, admin β divided by billable labor hours, used to price jobs accurately.
- Bonding
- A surety bond that guarantees a contractor will complete contracted work or compensate the client for losses if they do not.
- Subcontractor
- A licensed trade specialist (electrician, plumber, HVAC) hired by the general contractor to perform work outside the contractor's direct scope.
- Work-in-Progress (WIP)
- Revenue earned on a project that has been started but not yet completed, tracked on the balance sheet as an asset or liability depending on billing status.
- Lien Waiver
- A document signed by a contractor or supplier relinquishing the right to file a mechanic's lien against the property in exchange for payment.
- Utilization Rate
- The percentage of available crew hours that are billed to active projects β a core operational efficiency metric for contractor businesses.
- Backlog
- The total value of signed contracts for work not yet completed, used to forecast short-term revenue and crew capacity needs.