- Independent Contractor
- A self-employed worker who provides services to a business under a contract, controls how the work is performed, and is not subject to employer-level tax withholding or benefits.
- Worker Misclassification
- The improper designation of an employee as an independent contractor, which can trigger back taxes, penalties, and liability for unpaid benefits.
- 1099 / T4A
- Tax forms used in the US and Canada respectively to report payments made to independent contractors for non-employment income.
- IRS Common Law Test
- A US federal framework that examines behavioral control, financial control, and the type of relationship to determine whether a worker is an employee or a contractor.
- ABC Test
- A worker classification standard used in several US states that presumes workers are employees unless the business can satisfy three specific conditions.
- Right to Control
- The central factor in most worker classification tests — an employer controls both what work is done and how it is done, while a contractor controls only the result.
- No Withholding
- The obligation of independent contractors to pay their own income tax, self-employment tax, and any applicable sales or VAT — the hiring business does not withhold on their behalf.
- Engagement Letter
- A letter confirming the scope, terms, and nature of a professional relationship — functionally similar to this acknowledgment but more commonly used in professional services contexts.
- Sole Proprietor
- The most common legal structure for an independent contractor — an unincorporated individual running a one-person business with personal liability for the business's obligations.
- Safe Harbor
- A legal provision — such as IRS Section 530 in the US — that protects businesses from worker misclassification liability if certain consistency and reasonable basis requirements are met.