- Credit Report
- A detailed record of an individual's or company's borrowing history, outstanding balances, payment behavior, and public financial records compiled by a credit bureau.
- Adverse Action
- A decision by a lender to deny credit, reduce a credit limit, or change loan terms unfavorably, typically triggered by information in a credit report.
- Credit Bureau
- An agency that collects and maintains consumer or business credit data and provides it to lenders as credit reports — major examples include Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.
- Account Reference Number
- A unique identifier assigned by the bank to a specific account, used to ensure the correct file is retrieved when processing a request.
- Identity Verification
- The process a bank uses to confirm that the person requesting information is the account holder — typically by matching name, date of birth, address, and account number.
- Data Subject
- The individual or entity whose personal or financial information is held and processed by an institution such as a bank.
- Right of Access
- A legal right in many jurisdictions that allows individuals to obtain a copy of personal data held about them by an organization, including financial institutions.
- Credit Inquiry
- A record showing that a lender or other authorized party has accessed a credit report — hard inquiries can affect credit scores; soft inquiries do not.
- Response Deadline
- The date by which the sender requests the bank to respond; in many jurisdictions, statutory data-access response windows run 30 to 45 days.